View source for Speech-act participant

'''Speech-act participant''' (abbreviated SAP) refers to 1st or 2nd person to the exclusion of 3rd person.

=== Example ===

Certain subsystems of a language’s grammar are sensitive to speech-act participants. (They do not distinguish between 1st or 2nd person, but contrast them both with third person (non-speech-act participant).)

In [[Sahaptin]], the [[ergative case]] appears on 3rd person nouns only if the object is a speech-act participant (Rude 1997):

{|
|-
| ''ɨwínš-nɨm=naš'' || ''i-q̓ínun-a'' 
|-
| man-ERG=1SG || 3nom-see-PST
|-
|colspan="2" | ''The man saw me.'' 
|-
|}


{|
|-
| ''ɨwínš-nɨm=am'' || ''i-q̓ínun-a'' 
|-
| man-ERG=2SG || 3nom-see-PST
|-
|colspan="2" | ''The man saw you.'' 
|-
|}

If the object is not a speech-act participant, the 3rd person noun may not be marked by ergative case:

{|
|-
| ''ɨwínš'' || ''i-q̓ínun-a'' || ''miyánaš-na''
|-
| man || 3nom-see-PST || child-ACC
|-
|colspan="3" | The man saw the child.  
|-
|colspan="3" | ''(<nowiki>*</nowiki>ɨwínš-nɨm i-q̓ínun-a miyánaš-na)'' 
|-
|}

=== Synonym ===

[[Local]] (e.g. Andrews 1985)

=== References ===

*Andrews, Avery. 1985. The major functions of the noun phrase. In ''Language Typology and syntactic description,'' vol. 1. ''Clause structure,'' ed. by Timothy Shopen, pp. 62–154
*Rude, Noel. 1997. On the history of nominal case in Sahaptian. In ''International Journal of American Linguistics'', Vol. 63, No. 1. University of Chicago Press, pp. 113–143

===Other languages===
German [[Sprechaktteilnehmer]]

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[[Category:General]]