Clitic - Revision history

Luo: +ref

2008-04-28T15:04:10Z

+ref

Luo: + examples, comments & references: from Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics

2008-04-24T16:08:28Z

+ examples, comments & references: from Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics

Sven Siegmund: /* Other languages */ +CZ

2008-03-29T17:45:25Z

Other languages: +CZ

Linguipedia: New page: In morphosyntax, a '''clitic''' is a bound element that is not as fully attached (to its host) as an affix is (to its base). The result of the combination of a clitic with ...

2007-07-02T14:08:48Z

New page: In morphosyntax, a '''clitic''' is a bound element that is not as fully attached (to its host) as an affix is (to its base). The result of the combination of a clitic with ...

New page

In morphosyntax, a '''clitic''' is a [[bound]] element that is not as fully attached (to its [[host]]) as an [[affix]] is (to its [[base]]). The result of the combination of a clitic with its host is called [[clitic group]].

===Subtypes===
*[[proclitic]] (a clitic that precedes its host)
*[[enclitic]] (a clitic that follows its host)
*[[endoclitic]], [[mesoclitic]] (a clitic that comes in the middle of its host)

===Origin===
Since Classical Greek and Latin only had enclitics, the term [[enclitic]] is older than the general term ''clitic''. This general term was coined by [[back-formation]] only in the 20th century.

===Other languages===
French [[clitique]] German [[Klitikon]]

{{dc}}
[[Category:Morphology]]

@@ Line 4: / Line 4: @@
 In French, object pronouns are clitics which are either proclitics, as ''me'' and ''les'' in (i), or enclitics, as ''les'' in (ii):
-(i) il	me	les	a	donnés
+:{|
-    he	to-me	them	has	given
+|-
-    'he has given them to me'
+|(i)||''il''||''me''||''les''||''a''||''donnés''||
-(ii)  donnez	-les	-moi
+|-
-      give	-them	-me
+| ||he||to-me||them||has||given||
-      'give them to me'
+|-
-''(iii) il mei lesj a donnés ei ej''
+:{|
 In syntax it is usually assumed that a clitic is related to a [[gap]], an [[empty category]] ([[trace]] or [[pro]]). But see [[clitic doubling]]. Example (i) is analyzed as in (iii), where e is a [[gap]].
@@ Line 25: / Line 42: @@
 ===Origin===
 Since Classical Greek and Latin only had enclitics, the term [[enclitic]] is older than the general term ''clitic''. This general term was coined by [[back-formation]] only in the 20th century.
 ===Other languages===
@@ Line 32: / Line 52: @@
 ===References===
-*Haegeman, L. 1991.
+*Haegeman, L. 1991. ''Introduction to Government and Binding Theory.'' Oxford: Blackwell.
-*Kayne, R. 1975.
+*Kayne, R. 1975. ''French Syntax.'' Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
-*Kayne, R. 1990.
+*Kayne, R. 1990. ''Romance clitics and PRO, Proceedings of the 20th annual meeting of NELS, CLSA.'' Univ. of Massachusetts: Amherst.
-*Klavans, J. 1985.
+*Klavans, J. 1982. From Cyclic Phonology to Lexical Phonology. In van der Hulst, H. & Smith, N. (eds.), ''The Structure of Phonological Representations (I),'' 131-175.
-*Klavans, J. 1982.
+*Klavans, J. 1985. Some Consequences of Lexical Phonology. In van der Hulst, H. & Smith, N. (eds.), ''The Structure of Phonological Representations (I),'' 131-175.
-*Nespor, M. & Vogel, I. 1986.
+*Nespor, M. & Vogel, I. 1986. ''Prosodic Phonology.'' Dordrecht: Foris.
-*Rizzi, L. 1986.
+*Rizzi, L. 1986. Null Objects in Italian and the Theory of pro. ''Linguistic Inquiry 17,'' 501-557.
-*Spencer, A. 1991
+*Spencer, A. 1991. ''Morphological Theory.'' Oxford: Blackwell.
-*Zwicky, A. 1977
+*Zwicky, A. 1977. Discourse and Logical Form. ''Linguistic Inquiry 8-1,'' 101-139.
-*Zwicky, A. & Pullum, G. 1983.
+*Zwicky, A. & Pullum, G. 1983. Cliticization vs. Inflection: English n't. ''Language 59,'' 509-513.
 {{dc}}
 [[Category:Morphology]]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 In morphosyntax, a '''clitic''' is a [[bound]] element that is not as fully attached (to its [[host]]) as an [[affix]] is (to its [[base]]). The result of the combination of a clitic with its host is called [[clitic group]].
 ===Subtypes===
 *[[proclitic]] (a clitic that precedes its host)
 *[[enclitic]] (a clitic that follows its host)
 *[[endoclitic]], [[mesoclitic]] (a clitic that comes in the middle of its host)
 ===Origin===
@@ Line 13: / Line 30: @@
 *German [[Klitikon]]
 *Czech [[příklonka]]
 {{dc}}
 [[Category:Morphology]]

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 ===Other languages===
-French [[clitique]] German [[Klitikon]]
+*French [[clitique]]
 {{dc}}
 [[Category:Morphology]]