Edward Sapir (it) - Revision history

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Altre lingue

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2007-06-29T09:10:53Z

Works

Haspelmath at 09:10, 29 June 2007

2007-06-29T09:10:32Z

Haspelmath: based on Ramat 2007 (with the permission of the author)

2007-06-29T09:09:07Z

based on Ramat 2007 (with the permission of the author)

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'''Edward Sapir''' (1884-1939) è stato un linguista stunitense.

===Vita===

Nato il 26 gennaio 1884 a Lauenburg, in Pomerania (oggi Lęnbork, Polonia) emigra all’età di cinque anni coi genitori in America. Nel 1904 ottiene il titolo di ‘graduate’ alla Columbia University di New York, dove aveva studiato indoeuropeistica e in particolare germanistica. Il contatto con Franz Boas, anch’egli tedesco trapiantato negli USA, il maggiore antropologo dell’epoca e massima autorità nel campo delle lingue amerindiane, lo spinse tuttavia ad occuparsi nel triennio 1904-07 del Wishram, parlato nello stato di Washington e successivamente del Takelma nell’Oregon. Con una accurata descrizione grammaticale di quest’ultima lingua consegue il titolo di dottore nel 1909. Ma già nel biennio 1908-1910 insegna all’Università della Pennsylvania e pubblica articoli sul Paiute. Di questi anni sono le pubblicazioni di testi da lingue diverse, derivate da inchieste dirette sul campo: Takelma, Yana, Paiute e Nauhatl. Nel 1910 accetta la nomina a direttore del dipartimento di antropologia presso il Canadian National Museum di Ottawa, dove resterà fino al 1925. I biografi parlano di questi 15 anni come dell’ ‘inverno canadese’, anni di relativo isolamento, aggravato anche dalla morte della moglie; ma giustamente Valesio li considera “essenziali per la sua maturazione di scienziato”. In effetti la produzione scientifica di questo quindicennio annovera alcuni dei suoi più importanti contributi –ivi compreso Language, nonché un ritorno agli studi germanistici con un articolo sulla fonologia del ‘giudeo-tedesco’. Egli scrive sul [[Nootka]], il [[Tlingit]] (della famiglia Na-Dene) e altre lingue ancora.

Torna dal Canada per insegnare presso l’Università di Chicago ‘antropologia e linguistica generale’ (1925-1931). Nel ’31 lascia però Chicago e si trasferisce a Yale, dove progressivamente abbandona i suoi studi di americanistica (tanto antropologici quanto linguistici), dedicandosi piuttosto a problemi di ordine generale (scrive, p.es., per la Encyclopaedia of the Social Sciences le voci “Custom”, ”Dialect”, “Fashion”, “Group”, ”Language”, ”Personality”, “Symbolism”; nonché un articolo nel volume edito da V.F. Calverton, The Making of Man, New York 1931, dal significativo titolo “Language, Race, and Culture”: nell’Università di Yale esistevano gruppi antisemitici coi quali evidentemente S. non poteva intrattenere relazioni amichevoli). E’ da ricordare in questo profondo mutamento (e turbamento) di S. anche il ritorno agli studi del suo periodo universitario, come l’articolo “Tibetan Influence on Tocharian. I” pubblicato su Language nel ’36 e quello del ’38 apparso nell’American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures su “Hittite siyanta and Gen. 14:3”

Muore a New Haven il 4 febbraio 1939 ad appena 55 anni.

===Collegamento===
[http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Sapir Edward Sapir, Wikipedia]

===Works===

(La lista completa degli scritti di Sapir si trova in fondo al volume di Koerner 1984. Qui ho trascelto titoli atti a documentare la vastità di interessi di E.S., pur tralasciando le numerosissime recensioni che spaziano da Jespersen a Russell, da Edgar Lee Masters a Selma Lagerlöf. I Selected Writings del 1949, pur rappresentando una ricca raccolta, sono ben lungi dal fornire un’immagine esauriente della produzione sapiriana.)

*1906 ‘The rival chiefs, a Kwakiutl story recorded by George Hunt, Boas Anniversary Volume, New
York: 108-136.
*1910 ‘Yana Texts (together with Yana Myths, collected by R:B.Dixon)’,Univ. of Calif. Publications
in Amer. Archaeol. and Ethnology 9: 1-235.
*1911 ‘Some aspects of Nootka language and culture’, American Anthropologist, n.s. 13:15-28.
*1913 ‘Southern Paiute and Nahuatl, a study in Uto-Aztekan’ Pt. I, Journ. de la Soc. des
Americanistes de Paris, n.s. 10: 379-425.
*1914 ‘Notes on Chasta Costa phonology and morphology’, Univ. of Pennsylv., Anthropol.
Publications 2: 271-340.
*1915 ‘Noun reduplication in Comox, a Salish language of Vancouver Island’. Canada Dept. of
Mines, Geological Survey, Anthropol. Series 6,53 pp.
*1915 ‘Notes on Judeo-German phonology’, The Jewish Quarterly Review,n.s. 6:231-266.
*1916 ‘Time perspective in aboriginal American culture: A study in Method’, Canada Dept. of
Mines, Geological Survey, Anthropol. Series 13, 87 pp.
*1918 ‘Yana terms of relationship’, Univ. of Calif. Publications in Amer. Archaeol. and Ethnology
13: 153-173.
*1921 Language. An introduction to the study of speech, New York, Harcourt & Brace.
*1921 ‘The musical foundation of verse’, Journ.of Engl. and Germ. Philol. 20:213-228.
*1922 ‘The Takelma language of Southwestern Oregon’, in Handbook of Amer. Indian languages,
Bureau of Amer. Ethnol., Bulletin 40,II: 1-296.
*1923 ‘Text analysis of three Yana dialects’, Univ. of Calif. Publications in Amer. Archaeol. and
Ethnology 20: 263-294.
*1924 ‘Racial superiority’, The Menorah Journal 10:200-212.
*1924 ‘The rival whalers, a Nitanat story (A Nootka text with transl. and grammatical analysis)’,
Intern. Journ. of Amer. Linguistics, 3: 76-102.
*1925 ‘Memorandum on the problem of an international auxiliary language’, The Romanic Review’
16: 244-256.
*1925 ‘Pitch accent in Sarcee, an Athabaskan language’, Journ. de la Soc. des Americanistes de
Paris, n.s. 17:185-205.
*1927 ‘Anthropology and sociology’, The social sciences and their interralations ed. by W.F.
Ogburn and A. Goldenweiser, Boston, chapt. 9: 97-113.
*1929 ‘A study in phonetic symbolism’, Journ. of experimental psychology 12:225-239.
1930: ‘Wishram ethnography’ (with W.L.Spier), Univ. of Washington Publications in Anhtropol.
3:151-300.
*1930 ‘The Southern Paiute language: Southern Paiute, a Soshonean language; Texts of the Kaibab
Paiutes and Uintah Utes; Southern Paiute dictionary’. Proceed. Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, 65, I: 1-296;II: 297-536; III (1931): 537-730.
*1931 ‘The function of an international auxiliary language, Psyche 11: 4-15.
*1932 ‘The expression of the ending-point relation in English, French and German’ (con M.
Swadesh), Linguist. Soc. of America, Language Monographs 10, 125 pp.
*1933 ‘La réalité psychologique des phonèmes’, Journ. de psychol. normale et pathologique 30:
247-265.
*1934 ‘The emergence of the concept of personality in a study of cultures’, Journal
of Social Psychology 5:408-415.
*1934 ‘Hittite hepatis ‘vassal’ and Greek ò παδός’, Language 10:274-279.
*1936 ‘Greek α̉τύζομαι, a Hittite loanword and its relatives’, Language 12: 175-180.
*1936 ‘Tibetan influence on Tocharian’, Language 12: 259-271.
*1938 ‘Hittite syanta and Gen. 14:3’, Amer. Journ. of Semitic languages and Literatures 55: 86-8.
*1939 ‘Nootka texts: tales and ethnological narrations with grammatical notes and lexical materials’
(con M. Swadesh), W.D. Whitney Linguistic Series, Linguist. Soc. of Amer. (Philadelphia), 334 pp.
*1949 Selected writings of E.S. in language, culture, and personality, ed. by David G. Mandelbaum.
Berkeley & Los Angeles, Univ. of Calif. Press.
*1972 Cultura, linguaggio e personalità. Linguistica e antropologia. Ediz. ital. di Sapir 1949 a c. di
G.C. Lepschy. Torino: Einaudi.
*2007 Il linguaggio:Introduzione alla linguistica. Ediz. ital. di Sapir 1921. Presentazione di Paolo Ramat. Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi.

===Riferimenti bibliografici===
*Koerner, Konrad ed.(1984) Edward Sapir. Appraisals of his life and work. Amsterdam /
Philadelphia: Benjamins.
*Kroeber, Alfred Louis ([1954, repr. >]1984). ‘Reflections on Edward Sapir, scholar and man’: in
Koerner 1984: 131-139.
*Ramat, Paolo. 2007. Presentazione. In: Sapir 2007.

===Altre lingue===
*Inglese [[Edward Sapir]]

[[Category:BIOG]]

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@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 *1927 ‘Anthropology and sociology’, The social sciences and their interralations ed. by W.F. Ogburn and A. Goldenweiser, Boston, chapt. 9: 97-113.
 *1929 ‘A study in phonetic symbolism’, Journ. of experimental psychology 12:225-239.
-: ‘Wishram ethnography’ (with  W.L.Spier), Univ. of Washington Publications in Anhtropol. 3:151-300.
+*1930: ‘Wishram ethnography’ (with  W.L.Spier), Univ. of Washington Publications in Anhtropol. 3:151-300.
 *1930 ‘The Southern Paiute language: Southern Paiute, a Soshonean  language; Texts of the Kaibab Paiutes and Uintah Utes; Southern Paiute dictionary’. Proceed.  Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, 65, I: 1-296;II: 297-536; III (1931): 537-730.
 *1931 ‘The function of an international auxiliary language, Psyche 11: 4-15.

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 (La lista completa degli scritti di Sapir si trova in fondo al volume di Koerner 1984. Qui ho trascelto titoli atti a documentare la vastità di interessi di E.S., pur tralasciando le numerosissime recensioni che spaziano da Jespersen a Russell, da Edgar Lee Masters a Selma Lagerlöf. I Selected  Writings del 1949, pur rappresentando una ricca raccolta, sono ben lungi dal fornire un’immagine esauriente della produzione sapiriana.)
-*1906 ‘The rival chiefs, a Kwakiutl story recorded by George Hunt, Boas Anniversary Volume, New
+*1906 ‘The rival chiefs, a Kwakiutl story recorded by George Hunt, Boas Anniversary Volume, New York: 108-136.
-York: 108-136.
+*1910 ‘Yana Texts (together with Yana Myths, collected by R:B.Dixon)’,Univ. of Calif. Publications in Amer. Archaeol. and Ethnology 9:1-235.
 *1911 ‘Some aspects of Nootka language and culture’, American Anthropologist, n.s. 13:15-28.
-*1913 ‘Southern Paiute and Nahuatl, a study in Uto-Aztekan’ Pt. I, Journ. de la Soc. des
+*1913 ‘Southern Paiute and Nahuatl, a study in Uto-Aztekan’ Pt. I, Journ. de la Soc. des Americanistes de Paris, n.s. 10: 379-425.
-Americanistes de Paris, n.s. 10: 379-425.
+*1914 ‘Notes on Chasta Costa phonology and morphology’, Univ. of Pennsylv., Anthropol. Publications 2: 271-340.
-*1914 ‘Notes on Chasta Costa phonology and morphology’, Univ. of Pennsylv., Anthropol.
+*1915 ‘Noun reduplication in Comox, a Salish language of Vancouver Island’. Canada Dept. of Mines, Geological Survey, Anthropol. Series 6,53 pp.
 *1915 ‘Notes on Judeo-German phonology’, The Jewish Quarterly Review,n.s. 6:231-266.
-*1916 ‘Time perspective in aboriginal American culture: A study in Method’, Canada Dept. of
+*1916 ‘Time perspective in aboriginal American culture: A study in Method’, Canada Dept. of Mines, Geological Survey, Anthropol. Series 13, 87 pp.
-Mines, Geological Survey, Anthropol. Series 13, 87 pp.
+*1918 ‘Yana terms of relationship’, Univ. of Calif. Publications in Amer. Archaeol. and Ethnology 13: 153-173.
 *1921 Language. An introduction  to the study of speech,  New York, Harcourt & Brace.
 *1921 ‘The musical foundation of verse’, Journ.of Engl. and Germ. Philol. 20:213-228.
-*1922 ‘The Takelma language of Southwestern Oregon’, in Handbook of Amer. Indian languages,
+*1922 ‘The Takelma language of Southwestern Oregon’, in Handbook of Amer. Indian languages, Bureau of Amer. Ethnol., Bulletin 40,II: 1-296.
-Bureau of Amer. Ethnol., Bulletin 40,II: 1-296.
+*1923 ‘Text analysis of three Yana dialects’, Univ. of Calif. Publications in Amer. Archaeol. and Ethnology 20: 263-294.
 *1924 ‘Racial superiority’, The Menorah Journal 10:200-212.
-*1924 ‘The rival whalers, a Nitanat story (A Nootka text with transl. and grammatical analysis)’,
+*1924 ‘The rival whalers, a Nitanat story (A Nootka text with transl. and grammatical analysis)’, Intern. Journ. of Amer. Linguistics, 3: 76-102.
-Intern. Journ. of Amer. Linguistics, 3: 76-102.
+*1925 ‘Memorandum on the problem of an international auxiliary language’, The Romanic Review’ 16: 244-256.
-*1925 ‘Memorandum on the problem of an international auxiliary language’, The Romanic Review’
+*1925 ‘Pitch accent in Sarcee, an Athabaskan language’, Journ. de la Soc. des Americanistes de Paris, n.s. 17:185-205.
-: 244-256.
+*1927 ‘Anthropology and sociology’, The social sciences and their interralations ed. by W.F. Ogburn and A. Goldenweiser, Boston, chapt. 9: 97-113.
 *1929 ‘A study in phonetic symbolism’, Journ. of experimental psychology 12:225-239.
-: ‘Wishram ethnography’ (with  W.L.Spier), Univ. of Washington Publications in Anhtropol.
+: ‘Wishram ethnography’ (with  W.L.Spier), Univ. of Washington Publications in Anhtropol. 3:151-300.
-:151-300.
+*1930 ‘The Southern Paiute language: Southern Paiute, a Soshonean  language; Texts of the Kaibab Paiutes and Uintah Utes; Southern Paiute dictionary’. Proceed.  Amer. Acad. of Arts and Sciences, 65, I: 1-296;II: 297-536; III (1931): 537-730.
 *1931 ‘The function of an international auxiliary language, Psyche 11: 4-15.
-*1932 ‘The expression of the ending-point relation in English, French and German’ (con M.
+*1932 ‘The expression of the ending-point relation in English, French and German’ (con M. Swadesh), Linguist. Soc. of America, Language Monographs 10, 125 pp.
-Swadesh), Linguist. Soc. of America, Language Monographs 10, 125 pp.
+*1933 ‘La réalité psychologique des phonèmes’, Journ. de psychol. normale et pathologique 30: 247-265.
-*1933 ‘La réalité psychologique des phonèmes’, Journ. de psychol. normale et pathologique 30:
+*1934 ‘The emergence of the concept of personality in  a study of cultures’, Journal of Social Psychology 5:408-415.
 *1934 ‘Hittite hepatis ‘vassal’ and Greek ò παδός’, Language  10:274-279.
 *1936 ‘Greek α̉τύζομαι, a Hittite loanword and its relatives’, Language 12: 175-180.
 *1936 ‘Tibetan influence on Tocharian’, Language 12: 259-271.
 *1938 ‘Hittite syanta and Gen. 14:3’, Amer. Journ. of Semitic languages and Literatures 55: 86-8.
-*1939 ‘Nootka texts: tales and ethnological narrations with grammatical notes and lexical materials’
+*1939 ‘Nootka texts: tales and ethnological narrations with grammatical notes and lexical materials’ (con M. Swadesh), W.D. Whitney Linguistic Series,  Linguist. Soc. of Amer. (Philadelphia), 334 pp.
-(con M. Swadesh), W.D. Whitney Linguistic Series,  Linguist. Soc. of Amer. (Philadelphia), 334 pp.
+*1949 Selected writings of E.S.  in language, culture, and personality, ed. by David G. Mandelbaum. Berkeley & Los Angeles, Univ. of Calif. Press.
-*1949 Selected writings of E.S.  in language, culture, and personality, ed. by David G. Mandelbaum.
+*1972 Cultura, linguaggio e personalità. Linguistica e antropologia. Ediz. ital. di Sapir 1949 a c. di G.C. Lepschy. Torino: Einaudi.
 *2007 Il linguaggio:Introduzione alla linguistica. Ediz. ital. di Sapir 1921. Presentazione di Paolo Ramat. Piccola Biblioteca Einaudi.
 ===Riferimenti bibliografici===
-*Koerner, Konrad ed.(1984) Edward Sapir. Appraisals of his life and work. Amsterdam /
+*Koerner, Konrad ed.(1984) Edward Sapir. Appraisals of his life and work. Amsterdam / Philadelphia: Benjamins.
-Philadelphia: Benjamins.
+*Kroeber, Alfred Louis ([1954, repr. >]1984). ‘Reflections on Edward Sapir, scholar and man’: in Koerner 1984: 131-139.
 *Ramat, Paolo. 2007. Presentazione. In: Sapir 2007.