Interference - Revision history

Volker gast: /* Semantic interference */

2009-10-22T06:57:40Z

Semantic interference

Volker gast: /* Syntactic interference */

2009-10-22T06:56:56Z

Syntactic interference

Volker gast: /* Phonological interference */

2009-10-22T06:56:16Z

Phonological interference

Volker gast at 20:27, 21 October 2009

2009-10-21T20:27:19Z

Volker gast at 20:02, 21 October 2009

2009-10-21T20:02:52Z

Volker gast at 12:59, 12 October 2009

2009-10-12T12:59:28Z

Volker gast at 12:56, 12 October 2009

2009-10-12T12:56:36Z

Volker gast at 12:53, 12 October 2009

2009-10-12T12:53:29Z

Volker gast: /* Reference */

2009-10-12T12:38:14Z

Reference

Volker gast: Undo revision 10312 by Volker gast (Talk)

2009-10-12T12:38:01Z

Undo revision 10312 by Volker gast (Talk)

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 Since the German Perfekt (''habe gespielt'') is not used in the same way as the English Present Perfect, it may come to interference at the syntactic level (cf. the learner English-example). Speakers of German apply the Perfekt in similar contexts (here: a narrative use) as the German Imperfekt (~the German equivalent of the Past Tense), whereas this is different with the English Present Perfect and the English Past Tense. Here, reference to definite moments in the past requires the Past Tense.
-====Semantic interference====
+====Lexical interference====
 Transfer from English to German: cf. {{cite web |url=http://www.macmillandictionaries.com/med-magazine/August2007/46-ArabictoEngl.htm#3 |title=Bennoudi, Hanan. 2007. Lost in Translation: From Arabic to English and back again. ''MED Magazine'' 46.}}
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 Correct German: ''Er schrieb den Buchstaben an die Tafel''.
-In English, ''letter'' carries various meanings. This example illustrates especially the following ones: i) the ''letter'' that one can mail by post and ii) the ''letter'' as an element of the alphabet. Since each of the two meanings has its particular counterpart in German, interference at a semantic level could arise. Therefore, a strict word-by-word translation (i.e. with the help of a dictionary) could result in the incorrect choice of ''Brief'' although the context of the English ''letter'' implied the German ''Buchstabe''.
+In English, ''letter'' carries various meanings. This example illustrates especially the following ones: i) the ''letter'' that one can mail by post and ii) the ''letter'' as an element of the alphabet. Since each of the two meanings has its particular counterpart in German, interference at a lexical level could arise. Therefore, a strict word-by-word translation (i.e. with the help of a dictionary) could result in the incorrect choice of ''Brief'' although the context of the English ''letter'' implied the German ''Buchstabe''.
 ===Polysemy===

@@ Line 39: / Line 39: @@
 Correct Received Pronunciation: ''I played ball yesterday''.
-Since the German Perfekt (''habe gespielt'') is not used in the same way as the English Present Perfect, it may come to interference at the syntactic level (cf. the learner English-example). Speakers of German apply the Perfekt in similar contexts (here: a narrative use) as the German Imperfekt (~the German equivalent of the Past Tense), whereas this is different with the English Present Perfect and the English Past Tense. Here, references to definite moments in the past require the Past Tense.
+Since the German Perfekt (''habe gespielt'') is not used in the same way as the English Present Perfect, it may come to interference at the syntactic level (cf. the learner English-example). Speakers of German apply the Perfekt in similar contexts (here: a narrative use) as the German Imperfekt (~the German equivalent of the Past Tense), whereas this is different with the English Present Perfect and the English Past Tense. Here, reference to definite moments in the past requires the Past Tense.
 ====Semantic interference====

@@ Line 27: / Line 27: @@
 Correct R.P.: Finger ({{IPA|/ˈfɪŋgə/}})
-Words including the combination “''ng''” may be pronounced incorrectly in English, since they are realized as {{IPA|[ŋ]}}in Dutch. In that case, the {{IPA|[ŋ]}}pronounced by a native speaker of Dutch would be transferred to the learner language English, where {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}}would be the correct pronunciation. Therefore, the realization of “''ng''” as ({{IPA|[ŋ]}})in the native language would interfere with the pronunciation of the learner language, e.g. the “''ng''”-combination in ''Finger'': Dutch: {{IPA|[ŋ]}}vs. Received Pronunciation: {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}}.
+Words including the combination “''ng''” may be pronounced incorrectly in English, since they are realized as {{IPA|[ŋ]}}in Dutch. In that case, the {{IPA|[ŋ]}}pronounced by a native speaker of Dutch would be transferred to the learner language English, where {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}}would be the correct pronunciation. Therefore, the realization of “''ng''” as {{IPA|[ŋ]}}in the native language would interfere with the pronunciation of the learner language, e.g. the “''ng''”-combination in ''Finger'': Dutch: {{IPA|[ŋ]}}vs. Received Pronunciation: {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}}.
 ====Syntactic interference====

@@ Line 9: / Line 9: @@
 The influence of one language on another in the speech of bilinguals is relevant both to the field of [[second language acquisition]] (where the interference from the learner's [[native language]] is studied) and to the field of [[historical linguistics]] (where the effects of interference on language change are studied).
-In the context of [[second language acquisition]], interference may lead to either [[negative transfer]] (transfer which results in non-target-like use of L2) or [[positive transfer]] (transfer resulting in target-like use of L2) (cf. Ellis, Rod. 1998. ''Second Language Acquisition''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 51, p. 140). ‘’’Interference’’’ is mostly (and sometimes exclusively) used for instances of [[negative transfer]], and the two terms are often regarded as synonyms (cf. Ellis, Rod. 1997. ''The Study of Second Language Acquisition''. 5th, improved edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, p. 302). Recently, many researchers investigating [[second language acquisition]] have observed that '''interference''' carries a negative connotation and have therefore increasingly tended to avoid it, preferring the term [[transfer]] instead.
+In the context of [[second language acquisition]], interference may lead to either [[negative transfer]] (transfer which results in non-target-like use of L2) or [[positive transfer]] (transfer resulting in target-like use of L2) (cf. Ellis, Rod. 1998. ''Second Language Acquisition''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 51, p. 140). '''Interference''' is mostly (and sometimes exclusively) used for instances of [[negative transfer]], and the two terms are often regarded as synonyms (cf. Ellis, Rod. 1997. ''The Study of Second Language Acquisition''. 5th, improved edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, p. 302). Recently, many researchers investigating [[second language acquisition]] have observed that '''interference''' carries a negative connotation and have therefore increasingly tended to avoid it, preferring the term [[transfer]] instead.
 Historical linguists have generally focused on languages rather than speakers, and have used the term ''interference'' in a different, historical sense. However, since the term [[contact-induced change]] has now widely established itself, '''interference''' is no longer common in historical linguistics.

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 The influence of one language on another in the speech of bilinguals is relevant both to the field of [[second language acquisition]] (where the interference from the learner's [[native language]] is studied) and to the field of [[historical linguistics]] (where the effects of interference on language change are studied).
-In the context of [[second language acquisition]], interference may lead to either [[negative transfer]] (transfer which results in non-target-like use of L2) or [[positive transfer]] (transfer resulting in target-like use of L2). ‘’’Interference’’’ is mostly (and sometimes exclusively) used for instances of [[negative transfer]], and the two terms are often regarded as synonyms. Recently, many researchers investigating [[second language acquisition]] have observed that '''interference''' carries a negative connotation and have therefore increasingly tended to avoid it, preferring the term [[transfer]] instead.
+In the context of [[second language acquisition]], interference may lead to either [[negative transfer]] (transfer which results in non-target-like use of L2) or [[positive transfer]] (transfer resulting in target-like use of L2) (cf. Ellis, Rod. 1998. ''Second Language Acquisition''. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 51, p. 140). ‘’’Interference’’’ is mostly (and sometimes exclusively) used for instances of [[negative transfer]], and the two terms are often regarded as synonyms (cf. Ellis, Rod. 1997. ''The Study of Second Language Acquisition''. 5th, improved edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, p. 302). Recently, many researchers investigating [[second language acquisition]] have observed that '''interference''' carries a negative connotation and have therefore increasingly tended to avoid it, preferring the term [[transfer]] instead.
 Historical linguists have generally focused on languages rather than speakers, and have used the term ''interference'' in a different, historical sense. However, since the term [[contact-induced change]] has now widely established itself, '''interference''' is no longer common in historical linguistics.
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 ====Phonological interference====
 Phonological interference is a common type of interference, its most prominent manifestation being a “foreign accent”.
 ===Polysemy===
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 The term became well-known through Weinreich's influential (1953) book ''Languages in contact''. Weinreich used the term in both senses (interference in speech and interference in language change).
-Since its introduction into linguistics by Uriel Weinreich in 1953, the term '''interference''' has undergone some changes. Weinreich used the term to refer to any type of pattern transfer (from L1 to L2 and from L2 to L1). in specific fields of [[second language acquisition]], the term came to be used in a narrower sense, i.e. (i) only for transfer from La to L2 and (ii) only for [[negative transfer]].
+Since its introduction (cf. {{cite web |url=http://books.google.de/books?id=7kVF-RVuKH4C&pg=RA1-PA802&lpg=RA1-PA802&dq=%22interference+introduced+by+weinreich%22&source=bl&ots=87VJ7xCRr7&sig=ssm9nvbs_CMv2Niy2VOgR7CXSX4&hl=de&ei=6BqqSv3uNsmO_AbC-dG0Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false |title= Ammon, Ulrich, Dittmar, Norbert and Mattheier, Klaus J. 2004. ''Sociolinguistics – An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society''. 2., vollständig neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 800ff.}}) into linguistics by Uriel Weinreich in 1953, the term '''interference''' has undergone some changes (cf. Ringbom, Håkan. 2007. ''Cross-Linguistic Similarity in Foreign Language Learning''. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, pp. 32f). Weinreich used the term to refer to any type of pattern transfer (from L1 to L2 and from L2 to L1) (cf. Nemser, William. 1991. Language Contact and Foreign Language Acquisition. In: Ivir, Vladimir. 1991. ''Languages in Contact and Contrast: Essays in Contact Linguistics''. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, p. 346). Cf. Odlin, Terence. 1989. ''Language Transfer: Cross-Linguistic Influence in Language Learning''. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 12, p. 24. In specific fields of [[second language acquisition]], the term came to be used in a narrower sense, i.e. (i) only for transfer from L1 to L2 and (ii) only for [[negative transfer]].
 ===References===
 *Ammon, Ulrich, Dittmar, Norbert and Mattheier, Klaus J. 2004. [http://books.google.de/books?id=7kVF-RVuKH4C&pg=RA1-PA802&lpg=RA1-PA802&dq=%22interference+introduced+by+weinreich%22&source=bl&ots=87VJ7xCRr7&sig=ssm9nvbs_CMv2Niy2VOgR7CXSX4&hl=de&ei=6BqqSv3uNsmO_AbC-dG0Bg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false ''Sociolinguistics – An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society'']. 2., vollständig neu bearbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
 *Ellis, Rod. 1986. ''Understanding Second Language Acquisition''. 2nd, improved edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
 *Ellis, Rod. 1997. ''The Study of Second Language Acquisition''. 5th, improved edition. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
@@ Line 34: / Line 68: @@
 *Jarvis, Scott and Pavlenko, Aneta. 2008. ''Crosslinguistic Influence in Language and Cognition''. New York: Routledge.
 *Kerr, J. 1988. [http://www.iier.org.au/qjer/qr4/kerr.html A study of the identification of instances of language transfer and interference in samples of writing and speech]. ''Queensland Researcher'' 4(1). 4-22.
 *Nemser, William. 1991. Language Contact and Foreign Language Acquisition. In: Ivir, Vladimir. 1991. ''Languages in Contact and Contrast: Essays in Contact Linguistics''. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 345-364.
 *Odlin, Terence. 1989. ''Language Transfer: Cross-Linguistic Influence in Language Learning''. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
 *Ringbom, Håkan. 2007. ''Cross-Linguistic Similarity in Foreign Language Learning''. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
 *Ritchie, William C. 1996. ''Handbook of Second Language Acquisition''. San Diego: Academic Press.
 *Saville-Troike, Muriel. 2006. ''Introducing Second Language Acquisition''. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.
 *Schröder, Ulrike. 2007. [http://www.revistamatices.unal.edu.co/pdfs/Zweitspracherwerb_Tendenzen__Ulrike_S.pdf ''Holistische und integrative Tendenzen in der Zweitspracherwerbsforschung''].
@@ Line 45: / Line 81: @@
 *Wendt, Michael. 1993. ''Die drei Dimensionen der Lernersprache''. Tübingen: Narr.
-===other languages===
 German [[Interferenz]]
 [[Category:En]]
 [[Category:Bilingualism]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 12:56, 12 October 2009
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	There is a verb that is derivationally related to the noun '''interference''', i.e. (''to'') ''interfere'' (e.g. "The phonology of the speaker's native language interferes with the use of the second language").		There is a verb that is derivationally related to the noun '''interference''', i.e. (''to'') ''interfere'' (e.g. "The phonology of the speaker's native language interferes with the use of the second language").
		+
		+	===Examples===
		+	====Phonological interference====
		+	Phonological interference is a common type of interference, its most prominent manifestation being a “foreign accent”.

	===Polysemy===		===Polysemy===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-The term '''interference''' is sometimes used to refer to the influence of one language on another one in the speech of [[bilingual]]s who know both languages.
+===Definition===
-::*''"Those instances of deviation from the norms of either language which occur in the speech of bilinguals as a result of their familiarity with more than one language, i.e. as a result of language contact, will be referred to as INTERFERENCE phenomena."'' (Weinreich 1953:1)
+:''"Those instances of deviation from the norms of either language which occur in the speech of bilinguals as a result of their familiarity with more than one language, i.e. as a result of language contact, will be referred to as INTERFERENCE phenomena."'' (Weinreich 1953:1)
-===Grammar===
+Interference can take place at all levels of the linguistic system, i.e. in [[phonology]], [[morphology]], [[syntax]], [[semantics]], [[pragmatics]], and the [[lexicon]].
 ===Comments===
 The influence of one language on another in the speech of bilinguals is relevant both to the field of [[second language acquisition]] (where the interference from the learner's [[native language]] is studied) and to the field of [[historical linguistics]] (where the effects of interference on language change are studied).
-Second language aquisition researchers have often observed the negative connotations of the term ''interference'', and have in recent decades tended to avoid it, preferring the term [[transfer]].
+In the context of [[second language acquisition]], interference may lead to either [[negative transfer]] (transfer which results in non-target-like use of L2) or [[positive transfer]] (transfer resulting in target-like use of L2). ‘’’Interference’’’ is mostly (and sometimes exclusively) used for instances of [[negative transfer]], and the two terms are often regarded as synonyms. Recently, many researchers investigating [[second language acquisition]] have observed that '''interference''' carries a negative connotation and have therefore increasingly tended to avoid it, preferring the term [[transfer]] instead.
-Historical linguists have generally focused on languages rather than speakers, and have tended to use the term ''interference'' in a different, historical sense. However, since the term [[contact-induced change]] is now more common for this sense, ''interference'' is not common in historical linguistics anymore either.
+Historical linguists have generally focused on languages rather than speakers, and have used the term ''interference'' in a different, historical sense. However, since the term [[contact-induced change]] has now widely established itself, '''interference''' is no longer common in historical linguistics.
 ===Polysemy===

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 ===Reference===
 *Weinreich, Uriel. 1953. ''Languages in contact.'' New York.
 ===other languages===