Lexeme (in neurocognitive linguistics) - Revision history

PaulSank: added a category

2017-10-08T06:35:42Z

added a category

PaulSank: repaired a link

2017-03-01T20:48:31Z

repaired a link

NBlöcher at 18:17, 12 July 2014

2014-07-12T18:17:34Z

NBlöcher: categorised as neurolinguistics

2014-07-12T18:10:15Z

categorised as neurolinguistics

PaulSank at 14:37, 25 September 2009

2009-09-25T14:37:08Z

PaulSank: Amplified and adjusted the definition.

2009-09-25T14:34:58Z

Amplified and adjusted the definition.

PaulSank: add several paragraphs of content and better organized the whole

2009-06-02T02:25:03Z

add several paragraphs of content and better organized the whole

Haspelmath at 10:04, 25 March 2009

2009-03-25T10:04:20Z

Haspelmath at 09:25, 25 March 2009

2009-03-25T09:25:45Z

Haspelmath at 09:25, 25 March 2009

2009-03-25T09:25:21Z

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 [[Category:DICT]]
 [[Category:Grammar]]
-[[Category:Neurolinguistics]]
+[[Category:Stratificational_Grammar]]

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 *[[Sydney M. Lamb|Lamb, Sydney M.]]. 2006. Being Realistic, Being Scientific. ''LACUS Forum 32: Networks''.
 *[http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~lngbrain LangBrain]
-* [http://www.continuumbooks.com/Books/detail.aspx?ReturnURL=/subjects/default.aspx&CountryID=1&ImprintID=2&BookID=117093 Language and Reality: Selected Writings of Sydney Lamb], Continuum, 2004.
+*[http://books.google.com/books/about/Language_and_Reality.html?id=vrlPUxB2_JwC Language and Reality: Selected Writings of Sydney Lamb], Continuum, 2004.

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 [[Category:DICT]]
 [[Category:Grammar]]
-[Category:Neurolinguistics]]
+[[Category:Neurolinguistics]]

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	[[Category:Grammar]]		[[Category:Grammar]]
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 Another dimension of lexemes is ''entrenchment''.  A lexeme becomes more entrenched with more use: the neurocognitive pathways which support it become stronger the more they are traveled.
-Many linguists suppose that lexemes have meanings.  In what sense of ''have'' can this notion be viewed as realistic?  The fact that exercises of deriving one meaning from another can be successfully conducted does not constitute evidence.  As [[Lamb_Sydney_M.|Lamb]] has had students demonstrate in his  cognitive linguistics class, it is possible to derive any meaning (of any word chosen at random) from any other meaning (of another word chosen at random by another student).
+Many linguists suppose that lexemes have meanings.  In what sense of ''have'' can this notion be viewed as realistic?  The fact that exercises of deriving one meaning from another can be successfully conducted does not constitute evidence.  As [[Sydney M. Lamb|Lamb]] has had students demonstrate in his  cognitive linguistics class, it is possible to derive any meaning (of any word chosen at random) from any other meaning (of another word chosen at random by another student).
 ===Subtypes===

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-In [[neurocognitive linguistics]], a '''lexeme''' is understood not as a unit but as a point in a network of relationships.  As of 2006, the evidence from [[neurolinguistics]]  remained a bit hazy, but it is likely that there is a lemma (lexical) node in the angular gyrus, in the lower part of the parietal lobe close to Wernicke’s area, that has connections to the phonological node (in Wernicke's area) and to these three sensory-perceptual networks as well as to various items of abstract information.
+In [[neurocognitive linguistics]], a '''lexeme''' or ''lexical item'' is understood not as a unit but as a subnetwork, a ''functional web'' (Pulvermueller's term)  within the [[linguistic information system]].  For most lexemes, the functional web is quite large, especially if we include all of the nodes that together represent its meaning -- including nodes in the visual cortex (representing what the thing in question looks like), the auditory cortex, etc. Most such nodes are shared by other lexemes and indeed they often come into play in extra-linguistic activity. But there is one node at the logical top of the functional web, the cardinal node, the lemma node. For most, if not all, noun lexemes it is probably in the angular gyrus, in the lower part of the parietal lobe close to Wernicke's area, that has connections to the phonological node (in Wernicke's area) and to these three sensory-perceptual networks as well as to various items of abstract information.  As this cardinal node is unique to the functional web of the lexeme in question, we can also refer just to it as the internal representation of the lexeme. Note that whenever it is activated it activates the rest of the functional web -- connections to meaning nodes and to phonological nodes and graphic nodes.
 ===Comments===
-A lexeme is what it is not just as occupier of a particular position within the network. What it is depends upon the other nodes and links to which it is connected.  Every lexeme has its connection to the grammatical tactics.  And it connects downwards to expression in some cases as a simple connection; for example, the lexeme "dog" coincides with the morpheme "dog".  Others are more complicated; for example, "German-shepherd" connects to the combination of morphemes "German" and "shepherd."
+A lexeme is what it is not just as occupier of a particular position within the network. What it is depends upon the other nodes and links to which it is connected.  Every lexeme has its connection to the grammatical tactics.  And it connects downwards to expression in some cases as a simple connection; for example, the lexeme "dog" coincides with the morpheme "dog".  Others are more complicated; for example, "German Shepherd" connects to the combination of morphemes "German" and "shepherd."
 There is another aspect to the structure of the usual entry in a dictionary and that is the definition, the specification of what the meaning is, and that involves conceptual relationships or semological structure.  Any lexeme connects upwards to the [[sememic stratum|sememic]] or conceptual system.  Now in the case where it relates to several [[concept (in neurocognitive linguistics)|concepts]], we have an upward [[OR node]] which allows one line to go to each of the different concepts which the lexeme can represent.  So this part of the structure, as you can see, is purely ''relational''.

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-In [[neurocognitive linguistics]], a '''lexeme''' is ... [definition missing].
+In [[neurocognitive linguistics]], a '''lexeme''' is understood not as a unit but as a point in a network of relationships.  As of 2006, the evidence from [[neurolinguistics]]  remained a bit hazy, but it is likely that there is a lemma (lexical) node in the angular gyrus, in the lower part of the parietal lobe close to Wernicke’s area, that has connections to the phonological node (in Wernicke's area) and to these three sensory-perceptual networks as well as to various items of abstract information.
 ===Comments===
-Hence, there are simple lexemes and complex lexemes.  The latter shouldn't be conflated with idioms, which are complex lexemes whose meaning is not clear from the meanings of their constituents -- so a lexeme can be transparent or opaque or anywhere in between.  Transparent lexemes can be interpreted via the constituents or via the whole.  This is no problem for a [[relational network theory|network]] approach, in which lexemes and their constituents are all activated in parallel.
+A lexeme is what it is not just as occupier of a particular position within the network. What it is depends upon the other nodes and links to which it is connected.  Every lexeme has its connection to the grammatical tactics.  And it connects downwards to expression in some cases as a simple connection; for example, the lexeme "dog" coincides with the morpheme "dog".  Others are more complicated; for example, "German-shepherd" connects to the combination of morphemes "German" and "shepherd."
 Another dimension of lexemes is ''entrenchment''.  A lexeme becomes more entrenched with more use: the neurocognitive pathways which support it become stronger the more they are traveled.
 It is surprising how much ordinary English text is made up of complex lexemes.  Stored in memory as units, complex lexemes don't have to be constructed for their production or understanding.
 When one or more elements of a complex lexeme is variable, the lexeme is said to be [[mutable lexeme|mutable]].
 ===Polysemy===
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 === Sources ===
 {{dc}}
 [[Category:Grammar]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 10:04, 25 March 2009
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	When one or more elements of a complex lexeme is variable, the lexeme is said to be [[mutable lexeme\|mutable]].		When one or more elements of a complex lexeme is variable, the lexeme is said to be [[mutable lexeme\|mutable]].
		+
		+	===Polysemy===
		+	See [[lexeme]].

	=== Sources ===		=== Sources ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 09:25, 25 March 2009
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−	In [[neurocognitive linguistics]], a '''lexeme''' is ...	+	In [[neurocognitive linguistics]], a '''lexeme''' is ... [definition missing].

	===Comments===		===Comments===