Negative polarity item - Revision history

NBlöcher: /* Links */

2014-07-18T16:36:19Z

Links

2009-03-23T14:34:15Z

2009-03-23T14:28:11Z

2009-03-23T14:21:46Z

Reference

2009-03-23T14:15:35Z

2009-03-23T14:14:53Z

2009-03-23T07:01:42Z

link to bibliography added

2009-03-23T05:25:56Z

Added section on licensers

2009-03-23T04:58:09Z

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 === Links ===
-[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Negative+polarity+item&lemmacode=492 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]
+[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Negative+polarity+item&lemmacode=492 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] <br>
+[http://www.sfb441.uni-tuebingen.de/a5/pib/XML2HTML/list.html The Polarity Items Bibliography (University of Tübingen)] <br>
 {{dc}}

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 *Buyssens, Eric. 1959. Negative Contexts. ''English Studies'' 40:163-169.
 *Haspelmath, Martin. 1997. ''Indefinite pronouns.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.
-*Jackendoff, Ray. An interpretive theory of negation. ''Foundations of Language'' 5:218-241.
+*Jackendoff, Ray. 1969. An interpretive theory of negation. ''Foundations of Language'' 5:218-241.
 *Klima, Edward S. 1964. Negation in English. In Jerry A. Fodor and Jerrold J. Katz (eds.) ''The structure of language.'' Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 246-323.
 * Ladusaw, W.A. 1980. ''Polarity Sensitivity as Inherent Scope Relations,'' Phd. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, IULC: Bloomington, Indiana.

@@ Line 32: / Line 32: @@
 *Buyssens, Eric. 1959. Negative Contexts. ''English Studies'' 40:163-169.
 *Haspelmath, Martin. 1997. ''Indefinite pronouns.'' Oxford: Clarendon Press.
 *Klima, Edward S. 1964. Negation in English. In Jerry A. Fodor and Jerrold J. Katz (eds.) ''The structure of language.'' Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 246-323.
 * Ladusaw, W.A. 1980. ''Polarity Sensitivity as Inherent Scope Relations,'' Phd. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, IULC: Bloomington, Indiana.

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 The term was first used in print by Baker (1970), and must have been coined by him (Larry Horn, p.c. to Martin Haspelmath, 16 December 1992). Earlier authors who noted the phenomena just called them “facts restricted to negative contexts” (Buyssens 1959) or “constituents whose occurrence is favored by NEG” (Klima 1964:287).
-===Reference===
+===References===
 *Baker, C.L. 1970. Double negatives. ''Linguistic Inquiry'' 1:169-186.
 *Buyssens, Eric. 1959. Negative Contexts. ''English Studies'' 40:163-169.

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 * The [[protasis]] of a conditional clause (''If you need anything, let me know.'')
-Such contexts have ''inter alia'' been subsumed under the terms [[affective]] (Klima 1964), [[downward entailing]] (Ladusaw 1980) and [[nonveridival]] (Zwarts 1995).
+Such contexts have ''inter alia'' been subsumed under the terms [[affective (context)|affective]] (Klima 1964), [[downward entailing]] (Ladusaw 1980) and [[nonveridival]] (Zwarts 1995).
 ===Comments===

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-A '''negative polarity item''' is an expression that is restricted to negative contexts and some other semantically related such as questions and [[conditional clause]]s although its semantic properties would seem to allow occurrence in positive contexts as well.
+A '''negative polarity item''' is an expression that is restricted to negative contexts and some other semantically related contexts such as questions and [[conditional clause]]s although its semantic properties would seem to allow occurrence in positive contexts as well.
 ===Examples===
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 * Predications of 'excess' with ''too'' (''He was too exhausted to understand anything.'')
 * The [[protasis]] of a conditional clause (''If you need anything, let me know.'')
 ===Comments===
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 *Klima, Edward S. 1964. Negation in English. In Jerry A. Fodor and Jerrold J. Katz (eds.) ''The structure of language.'' Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 246-323.
 * Ladusaw, W.A. 1980. ''Polarity Sensitivity as Inherent Scope Relations,'' Phd. dissertation, University of Texas at Austin, IULC: Bloomington, Indiana.
 === Links ===

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:01, 23 March 2009
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	[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Negative+polarity+item&lemmacode=492 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]		[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Negative+polarity+item&lemmacode=492 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]
		+
		+	[http://www.sfb441.uni-tuebingen.de/a5/pib/XML2HTML/list.html The Polarity Items Bibliography (University of Tübingen)]

	{{Wikipedia\|Polarity item\|en}}		{{Wikipedia\|Polarity item\|en}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:25, 23 March 2009
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	Negative polarity items are attested in most languages.		Negative polarity items are attested in most languages.
		+
		+	===Contexts licensing negative polarity items===
		+
		+	Negative polarity items are licensed ''inter alia'' in the following contexts:
		+	* [[Direct negation]] (''I have'nt seen anybody.'')
		+	* [[Indirect negation]] (''I don't think that anybody will like this.'')
		+	* [[Non-affirmative predicates]] (''I doubt that he has done anything.'')
		+	* [[Negative prepositions]] (''They hired someone without any experience.'')
		+	* [[Adversative predicates]] (''I am surprised that anything so absurd could have been circulated.'')
		+	* Restrictor of [[universal quantifier]] (''Everyone who has any interest in linguistics...'')
		+	* Restrictor of superlative (''This is the most stupid question any person has ever asked.'')
		+	* [[Comparative]] sentences (''He was more exhausted than anyone else'').
		+	* Predications of 'excess' with ''too'' (''He was too exhausted to understand anything.'')
		+	* The [[protasis]] of a conditional clause (''If you need anything, let me know.'')

	===Comments===		===Comments===

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:58, 23 March 2009
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	[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Negative+polarity+item&lemmacode=492 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]		[http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Negative+polarity+item&lemmacode=492 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics]
		+
		+	{{Wikipedia\|Polarity item\|en}}

	{{dc}}		{{dc}}