Difference between revisions of "Empty Category Principle"
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| − | + | '''Empty Category Principle''' (brief: ECP) is a principle which requires that [[empty category|empty categories]] be [[properly governed]]. It is assumed that the ECP does not hold of all empty categories: it holds for A- and A'-bound traces (i.e. NP-traces and variables), but not for pronominal empty categories like [[pro]] and [[PRO]]. | |
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| + | Well-known examples of ECP-violations are extractions of an adjunct out of an [[island]], as in (i) (containing a ''wh''-island) and configurations displaying the [[that-trace effect]] in English, as in (ii). In both cases, the trace cannot be properly [[antecedent-govern]]ed because of the intervention of a [[barrier]]. | ||
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| + | (i) * how<sub>i</sub> did John ask [ whether Bill fixed the car t<sub>i</sub> ] | ||
| + | (ii) * who<sub>i</sub> does John believe [ that t<sub>i</sub> will fix the car ] | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Link === | ||
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| + | [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Empty+Category+Principle&lemmacode=774 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] | ||
| + | |||
| + | === References === | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Chomsky, N. 1986b. ''Barriers,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. | ||
| + | * Chomsky, N. 1981. ''Lectures on Government and Binding,'' Foris, Dordrecht. | ||
| + | * Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1992. ''Move alpha: conditions on its application and output,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. | ||
| + | * Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1984. ''On the nature of proper government,'' Linguistic Inquiry 15, pp. 235-289 | ||
| + | * Rizzi, L. 1990. ''Relativized Minimality,'' MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass. | ||
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| + | |||
===Other languages=== | ===Other languages=== | ||
*German [[Leerkategorienprinzip]] | *German [[Leerkategorienprinzip]] | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | {{dc}} |
| + | [[Category:Syntax]] | ||
[[Category:Translate]] | [[Category:Translate]] | ||
Latest revision as of 16:48, 13 February 2009
Empty Category Principle (brief: ECP) is a principle which requires that empty categories be properly governed. It is assumed that the ECP does not hold of all empty categories: it holds for A- and A'-bound traces (i.e. NP-traces and variables), but not for pronominal empty categories like pro and PRO.
Well-known examples of ECP-violations are extractions of an adjunct out of an island, as in (i) (containing a wh-island) and configurations displaying the that-trace effect in English, as in (ii). In both cases, the trace cannot be properly antecedent-governed because of the intervention of a barrier.
(i) * howi did John ask [ whether Bill fixed the car ti ] (ii) * whoi does John believe [ that ti will fix the car ]
Link
Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics
References
- Chomsky, N. 1986b. Barriers, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
- Chomsky, N. 1981. Lectures on Government and Binding, Foris, Dordrecht.
- Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1992. Move alpha: conditions on its application and output, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
- Lasnik, H. and M. Saito 1984. On the nature of proper government, Linguistic Inquiry 15, pp. 235-289
- Rizzi, L. 1990. Relativized Minimality, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Other languages
- German Leerkategorienprinzip
