Difference between revisions of "Ambitransitive verb"
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| − | An | + | An ambitransitive verb is a verb which can be used either as a [[transitive verb]] or [[intransitive verb]] without any morphological marking of its [[Valenzalternation|valence alternation]]. |
=== Semantic groups === | === Semantic groups === | ||
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The main semantic groups of verbs which tend to be labile cross-linguistically are: | The main semantic groups of verbs which tend to be labile cross-linguistically are: | ||
| − | + | 1. motion verbs | |
| − | + | 2. destruction verbs | |
| − | + | 3. phasal verbs (Bulgarian ''zapochvam'' 'begin') | |
| − | + | 4. sound emission verbs (Russian ''igrat''' 'play', Bulgarian ''svirja'' 'play', German ''spielen'' 'play', French ''sonner'' 'sound, play') | |
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=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
| + | English: | ||
| − | + | 1) ''Malcolm is reading a book.'' (''read'' is transitive) | |
| − | + | 2) ''Malcolm is reading.'' (''read'' is intransitive) | |
| − | ''Malcolm is reading a book.'' (''read'' is transitive) | ||
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| − | ''Malcolm is reading.'' (''read'' is intransitive) | ||
=== Subtypes === | === Subtypes === | ||
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==== S/A aligned ambitransitive verbs ==== | ==== S/A aligned ambitransitive verbs ==== | ||
| − | German | + | German: |
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| + | 3) '''Inge''' liest ein Buch.'' || (transitive ''lesen'' has '''A''' and P) | ||
| + | ‘Inge is reading a book.’ | ||
| + | 4) '''Inge''' liest'' || (intransitive ''lesen'' has an '''agent-like''' S) | ||
| + | ‘Inge is reading.’ || | ||
| + | 5) *''Ein Buch liest.'' || (intransitive ''lesen'' '''cannot''' take a patient-like S) | ||
| + | *‘A book is reading.’ || | ||
==== S/P aligned ambitransitive verbs ==== | ==== S/P aligned ambitransitive verbs ==== | ||
| − | English | + | English: |
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| + | 6) '''Carl''' opens the door.'' (transitive ''open'' has A and '''P''') | ||
| + | 7) '''The door''' opens.'' (intransitive ''open'' has a '''patient-like''' S) | ||
| + | 8) ''Carl opens.'' (intransitive ''open'' cannot have an agent-like' S) | ||
==== Unaligned ambitransitive verbs ==== | ==== Unaligned ambitransitive verbs ==== | ||
| − | German | + | German: |
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| − | + | 9) '''Dietlind''' kocht eine Suppe.'' || (transitive ''kochen'' has '''A''' and P) | |
| − | |'''''Die Suppe''' kocht.'' || (intransitive ''kochen'' can have a '''patient-like''' S) | + | ‘Dietlind is cooking a soup.’ || |
| − | + | 10) '''Dietlind''' kocht.'' || (intransitive ''kochen'' can have an '''agent-like''' S) | |
| − | + | ‘Dietlind is cooking (something).’ || | |
| − | + | 11) '''Die Suppe''' kocht.'' || (intransitive ''kochen'' can have a '''patient-like''' S) | |
| − | + | ‘The soup is being cooked (by somebody).’ || | |
{{dc}} | {{dc}} | ||
[[Category:Valence]] | [[Category:Valence]] | ||
Revision as of 15:19, 3 August 2014
| FORMAT |
| REF | This article has no reference(s) or source(s). Please remove this block only when the problem is solved. |
An ambitransitive verb is a verb which can be used either as a transitive verb or intransitive verb without any morphological marking of its valence alternation.
Semantic groups
The main semantic groups of verbs which tend to be labile cross-linguistically are:
1. motion verbs 2. destruction verbs 3. phasal verbs (Bulgarian zapochvam 'begin') 4. sound emission verbs (Russian igrat' 'play', Bulgarian svirja 'play', German spielen 'play', French sonner 'sound, play')
Examples
English:
1) Malcolm is reading a book. (read is transitive) 2) Malcolm is reading. (read is intransitive)
Subtypes
S/A aligned ambitransitive verbs
German:
3) Inge liest ein Buch. || (transitive lesen has A and P) ‘Inge is reading a book.’ 4) Inge liest || (intransitive lesen has an agent-like S) ‘Inge is reading.’ || 5) *Ein Buch liest. || (intransitive lesen cannot take a patient-like S) *‘A book is reading.’ ||
S/P aligned ambitransitive verbs
English:
6) Carl opens the door. (transitive open has A and P) 7) The door opens. (intransitive open has a patient-like S) 8) Carl opens. (intransitive open cannot have an agent-like' S)
Unaligned ambitransitive verbs
German:
9) Dietlind kocht eine Suppe. || (transitive kochen has A and P) ‘Dietlind is cooking a soup.’ || 10) Dietlind kocht. || (intransitive kochen can have an agent-like S) ‘Dietlind is cooking (something).’ || 11) Die Suppe kocht. || (intransitive kochen can have a patient-like S) ‘The soup is being cooked (by somebody).’ ||
