Difference between revisions of "Agreement"
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'''Agreement''' refers to a widespread syntactic situation in which a [[target]] element agrees with a [[controller]] element in some [[morphosyntactic feature]]. | '''Agreement''' refers to a widespread syntactic situation in which a [[target]] element agrees with a [[controller]] element in some [[morphosyntactic feature]]. | ||
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===Examples=== | ===Examples=== | ||
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*Agreement of [[article]] and [[adjective]] with [[noun]] in [[number]] and [[gender (morphology)|gender]]: | *Agreement of [[article]] and [[adjective]] with [[noun]] in [[number]] and [[gender (morphology)|gender]]: | ||
| − | Spanish | + | Spanish: |
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| − | 'the new houses' | + | *(1)''l-a casa nuev-a'' ('the new house') |
| − | + | *(2)''el libro nuev-o'' ('the new book') | |
| − | (4)''l-os libros nuev-os'' | + | *(3)''l-as casas nuev-as'' ('the new houses') |
| − | + | *(4)''l-os libros nuev-os'' ('the new books') | |
| − | 'the new books' | ||
*Agreement of [[verb]] with [[subject]] noun phrase: | *Agreement of [[verb]] with [[subject]] noun phrase: | ||
| − | German | + | German: |
| − | (5)''ich kauf-e'' | + | *(5)''ich kauf-e'' ('I buy') |
| + | *(6)''du kauf-st'' ('you(SG) buy') | ||
| + | *(7)''er kauf-t'' ('he buys') | ||
| + | *(8)''wir kauf-en'' ('we buy') | ||
| + | *(9)''ihr kauf-t'' ('you(PL) buy') | ||
| + | *(10)''sie kauf-en'' ('they buy') | ||
| − | + | === Syntax === | |
| − | + | Recently, it has been proposed that agreement is the relation between a specific head [[AGR]] and its [[specifier]] (= [[specifier-head agreement]]). Subject-verb agreement is then reduced to agreement between AGR, which is a [[functional projection]] of the agreeing verb, and the element (the subject) in the specifier position of the AGRP. Likewise, assignment of [[structural Case]] is reduced to spec,head agreement. <br /> | |
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===Synonyms=== | ===Synonyms=== | ||
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* [[concord]] (but this term is often differentiated from agreement in various ways) | * [[concord]] (but this term is often differentiated from agreement in various ways) | ||
* [[congruence]] (this term is very rare in English, but German [[Kongruenz]] is the standard term for agreement) | * [[congruence]] (this term is very rare in English, but German [[Kongruenz]] is the standard term for agreement) | ||
===Subtypes=== | ===Subtypes=== | ||
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*[[anaphoric agreement]], [[grammatical agreement]] | *[[anaphoric agreement]], [[grammatical agreement]] | ||
*[[alliterative agreement]] | *[[alliterative agreement]] | ||
*[[back agreement]] | *[[back agreement]] | ||
*[[rich agreement]] | *[[rich agreement]] | ||
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=== Link === | === Link === | ||
* [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Agreement&lemmacode=1008 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] | * [http://www2.let.uu.nl/UiL-OTS/Lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Agreement&lemmacode=1008 Utrecht Lexicon of Linguistics] | ||
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===References=== | ===References=== | ||
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*[[Greville G. Corbett|Corbett, Greville G.]] 2006. ''Agreement.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | *[[Greville G. Corbett|Corbett, Greville G.]] 2006. ''Agreement.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. | ||
*[[Steele, Susan]]. 1978. "Word order variation: a typological study." In: [[Greenberg, Joseph H.]] & [[Ferguson, Charles A.]] & [[Moravcsik, Edith A.]] (eds.) ''Universals of human language, vol. 4: Syntax.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press, 585-623. | *[[Steele, Susan]]. 1978. "Word order variation: a typological study." In: [[Greenberg, Joseph H.]] & [[Ferguson, Charles A.]] & [[Moravcsik, Edith A.]] (eds.) ''Universals of human language, vol. 4: Syntax.'' Stanford: Stanford University Press, 585-623. | ||
| − | === | + | ===Other languages=== |
*German [[Kongruenz]] | *German [[Kongruenz]] | ||
*Russian [[согласование]] | *Russian [[согласование]] | ||
Latest revision as of 08:27, 3 August 2014
Agreement refers to a widespread syntactic situation in which a target element agrees with a controller element in some morphosyntactic feature.
- "The term ' 'agreement' ' commonly refers to some systematic covariance between a semantic or formal property of one element and a formal property of another." (Steele 1978:610)
Examples
Spanish:
*(1)l-a casa nuev-a ('the new house')
*(2)el libro nuev-o ('the new book')
*(3)l-as casas nuev-as ('the new houses')
*(4)l-os libros nuev-os ('the new books')
German:
*(5)ich kauf-e ('I buy')
*(6)du kauf-st ('you(SG) buy')
*(7)er kauf-t ('he buys')
*(8)wir kauf-en ('we buy')
*(9)ihr kauf-t ('you(PL) buy')
*(10)sie kauf-en ('they buy')
Syntax
Recently, it has been proposed that agreement is the relation between a specific head AGR and its specifier (= specifier-head agreement). Subject-verb agreement is then reduced to agreement between AGR, which is a functional projection of the agreeing verb, and the element (the subject) in the specifier position of the AGRP. Likewise, assignment of structural Case is reduced to spec,head agreement.
Synonyms
- concord (but this term is often differentiated from agreement in various ways)
- congruence (this term is very rare in English, but German Kongruenz is the standard term for agreement)
Subtypes
Link
References
- Corbett, Greville G. 2006. Agreement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Steele, Susan. 1978. "Word order variation: a typological study." In: Greenberg, Joseph H. & Ferguson, Charles A. & Moravcsik, Edith A. (eds.) Universals of human language, vol. 4: Syntax. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 585-623.
Other languages
- German Kongruenz
- Russian согласование
- Czech shoda
