Difference between revisions of "Speech-act participant"
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'''Speech-act participant''' (abbreviated SAP) refers to 1st or 2nd person to the exclusion of 3rd person. | '''Speech-act participant''' (abbreviated SAP) refers to 1st or 2nd person to the exclusion of 3rd person. | ||
| − | == Example == | + | === Example === |
Certain subsystems of a language’s grammar are sensitive to speech-act participants. (They do not distinguish between 1st or 2nd person, but contrast them both with third person (non-speech-act participant).) | Certain subsystems of a language’s grammar are sensitive to speech-act participants. (They do not distinguish between 1st or 2nd person, but contrast them both with third person (non-speech-act participant).) | ||
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|} | |} | ||
| − | == Synonym == | + | === Synonym === |
[[Local]] (e.g. Andrews 1985) | [[Local]] (e.g. Andrews 1985) | ||
| − | == References == | + | === References === |
*Andrews, Avery. 1985. The major functions of the noun phrase. In ''Language Typology and syntactic description,'' vol. 1. ''Clause structure,'' ed. by Timothy Shopen, pp. 62–154 | *Andrews, Avery. 1985. The major functions of the noun phrase. In ''Language Typology and syntactic description,'' vol. 1. ''Clause structure,'' ed. by Timothy Shopen, pp. 62–154 | ||
Latest revision as of 05:40, 1 April 2008
Speech-act participant (abbreviated SAP) refers to 1st or 2nd person to the exclusion of 3rd person.
Example
Certain subsystems of a language’s grammar are sensitive to speech-act participants. (They do not distinguish between 1st or 2nd person, but contrast them both with third person (non-speech-act participant).)
In Sahaptin, the ergative case appears on 3rd person nouns only if the object is a speech-act participant (Rude 1997):
| ɨwínš-nɨm=naš | i-q̓ínun-a |
| man-ERG=1SG | 3nom-see-PST |
| The man saw me. | |
| ɨwínš-nɨm=am | i-q̓ínun-a |
| man-ERG=2SG | 3nom-see-PST |
| The man saw you. | |
If the object is not a speech-act participant, the 3rd person noun may not be marked by ergative case:
| ɨwínš | i-q̓ínun-a | miyánaš-na |
| man | 3nom-see-PST | child-ACC |
| The man saw the child. | ||
| (*ɨwínš-nɨm i-q̓ínun-a miyánaš-na) | ||
Synonym
Local (e.g. Andrews 1985)
References
- Andrews, Avery. 1985. The major functions of the noun phrase. In Language Typology and syntactic description, vol. 1. Clause structure, ed. by Timothy Shopen, pp. 62–154
- Rude, Noel. 1997. On the history of nominal case in Sahaptian. In International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 63, No. 1. University of Chicago Press, pp. 113–143
Other languages
German Sprechaktteilnehmer
