Ngram frequency

The mean, or summed, frequency of all fragments of a word of a given length. Most commonly used is bigram frequency, using fragments of length 2. The word 'dog' will contain 2 bigrams: 'do' and 'og'. Bigram frequency is considered to be a measure of orthographic regularity and normally has a negative correlation with response times in psycho-linguistic experiments.

It is not unusual to extend the word with a couple of 'space' characters, to give the first and last character in the word a special status. The word 'dog' will then become '_dog_' and now contains 4 bigrams: '_d', 'do', 'og' and 'g_'.

Ngram frequency of length 1 is equal to the character frequency, and using length 3 is commonly referred to as trigram frequency. Larger values for N are rare.

In the auditory domain the equivalent of bigram is diphone, a group of two phonemes. Mean diphone frequency could be considered a crude measure of phonological regularity.